TABLE OF CONTENT
l INTRODUCTION
l SUMMARY
l BIODATA
i. Personal
ii. Family
iii. Ideology
iv. Quotes
v. Personal chronology
vi. Others Perspective About His Leadership Style
-Turkey
-Russia
-The United State of America
-Israel
l ATTACK SERIES ON GAZA STRIP
i. The history of Palestine: The Holy Land
ii. Palestine: The Promised Land
iii. The advent of Islam: First Jerusalem then Palestine
iv. The Crusades
v. Salahuddin Al-Ayubi
vi. The Ottoman Empire: Sultan Abdul Hamid II
vii. The Zionis dream came true
viii. Hamas rise as the true savior: Sheikh Ahmed Yassin
ix. Timeline history on attack series
x. The attack series
xi. List of Israeli attacks on Palestine
xii. Response: The Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades rocket attacks
-The success of Al-Qassam Brigades
-Victory draws near: Israeli agreed on cease-fire
-M75 perfume: Symbol of Hamas rocket power
l THE FATAH-HAMAS CONFLICT
i. HAMAS identity
ii. FATAH identiy
iii. The Fatah-Hamas conflict
iv. The co-founder: Sheikh Ahmed Yassin
v. The outcome of Fatah-Hamas conflict
-The true saviour
-2006: Suspending all foreign aid
-2006: Abbas attempt to assassinate Ismail Haniyeh
-2006: Second attempt to assassinate Ismail Haniyeh
-2007: Attempt to form unity government
-2007: Ismail Haniyeh disputed dismissal
vi. Reconciliation attempts
-2008: Sana'a Agreement
-2010: New document from Cairo
-2011 Cairo agreement
-2012 Doha agreement
-2013 Morsi host a meeting in Cairo
l CONCLUSION
l REFERENCES
l APPENDIX
INTRODUCTION
Leadership simply refer to the process of influencing people to achieve a goal and leaders are the ones who guide the mass towards the goal by influencing them with the help of different leadership qualities. Leaders could be various kinds like political, religious ,business, organizational.
To have a more insightful and comprehensive view of basic leadership theories, the famous and influential leaders, Ismail Haniyeh a Prime Minister of Palestine were chosen to be the subject of our discussion.
Ismail Haniyeh is the Prime Minister of Palestine, and he is the current leader of political party named Hamas. This assignment is meant to discuss about his life as a leader. Thus, we decided to determine his leadership by evaluating and do extensive research on the institutions that are under his command. The reason is because we believe, the effectiveness and efficiency of a true leader is directly and indirectly reflected to what he is controlling and managing.
Date May 15th, 1948 is a nightmare for the Palestinian and the human race in general because on this date the State of Israel was officially established. This event is known as Nakhbah Palestine which refers to the establishment of the illegal state Israel.Nakhbah itself means "catastrophe or major disaster."
Affter the tragic death of Sheikh Ahmad Yassin, Ismail Haniyeh continued his legacy. He did not just sit in silent but relentlessly and fiercely fighting to get back the land of Palestine. He promote an extremely powerful leadership style, ethics and power. Thus, analysing him will help us to apply leadership theories into practice more effectively, which is the ultimate goal of this report.
SUMMARY
This report will give the insight of history his personal life, political career, major events that shaped his life and critically analyse the quality of his short coming achievement. We will also discuss about his leadership style through other people perspective.
To discuss on his leadership skills in order to determine whether or not he is a true leader, we decided to scrutinize these two organizations. They are Al-Qassam Brigades and Hamas. We do a lot of research to study the way he encounter the attacks from Israel. The way we evaluate his credibility is through his ability to command the military force under him; the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. on the conflict Fatah and Hamas and the incidents of his disputed dismissal in 2007.
Meanwhile, as regard to Hamas as the political party that he represents. We focuses on the conflict that it has with Fatah. The Fatah-Hamas conflict plays a vital role in the history of Palestine stability because the conflict has resulted to the split of government into two; the West Bank and Gaza. The fact that many reconciliation attempts had been made, we can see later that both these parties had put quite an effort to unite. However, due to past events including assassination attempts of Ismail Haniyeh by Fatah and the relationship that Fatah has with Israel and the United State led their meeting to failure. Despite the continuos threats from Fatah, Hamas remains to stand still and strong.
In the end of this report, we will conclude to determine Ismail Haniyeh credibility as a leader of his country. Whether he is a true leader or not? Let's find together.
BASIC INFORMATION
· Name : Ismail ‘Abd al-Salaam Ahmad Haniyeh (nicknamed Abu al- ‘Abd) ( Ismail Haniya)
· Date of Birth : 29 January 1963
· Placeof birth : Al-Shanti refugee camp in the Egyptian-occupied Gaza strip
· Education : He attended the UNRWA elementary school in the camp, and Al-Azhariah high school in Gaza. He received his BA from the Department of Arabic at the Islamic University in Gaza.
· Nationality : Palestinian
FAMILY
· Children : Twelve children.
· Others : His eldest son was wounded in 2006 during the exchange of gun fire when Haniyeh attempted to cross the border to enter Gaza.
IDEOLOGY
· Purpose of Life : To free Gaza
: "We came to say the Quran is the constitution, we are committed to God and his Holy Book, should they try to carry out their crime against the Quran, God will tear their state apart and they will become God's lesson to anyone who tries to desecrate".
· Political View : Hamas
· Position : Nominated as Prime Minister on 16th February 2006 following the Hamas "List of Change and Reform" victory 25th January 2006
· Religion : Sunni Islam
QUOTES :
His speech that inspired all people around the world:
· “We will never recognise the usurper Zionist government and will continue our Jihad like movement until the liberation of Jerusalem”.
· We repeat today that we are with the establishment of a Palestinian state on any liberated part of Palestinian land that is agreed upon by the Palestinian people, without recognizing Israel or conceding any inch of historical Palestine.
· When I said a few weeks ago that our people would eat cooking oil and olives if necessary, I didn't mean that there really would be only oil and olives. What I meant was that our people have the necessary patience to endure the current difficult situation. Palestinians would rather do without certain food items than their national rights.
· Which Israel should we recognize? The Israel of 1917; the Israel of 1936; the Israel of 1948; the Israel of 1956; or the Israel of 1967? Which borders and which Israel? Israel has to recognize first the Palestinian state and its borders and then we will know what we are talking about.
· The victory of Hamas is not only based on the corruption of the Palestinian Authority. Hamas has a vision and a program, and this is the reason why the Palestinian people chose Hamas. However, there is no doubt that the corruption helped Hamas's victory.
· The Europeans and Americans have said the martyrdom operations are why Hamas has been put on the terrorist list. But now these operations have stopped. Did they then remove Hamas from the list of terrorist organisations? We do not launch wars. We are people resisting occupation.
· We came to say, the Quran is our constitution, we are committed to God and his holy book. God willing, should they try to carry out their crime against the Quran, God will tear their state apart and they will become God's lesson to anyone who tries to desecrate the holy book.
Personal chronology:
1983 : Joins Student Council, Islamic University of Gaza
1988 : Joined Hamas
1989 : Sentenced to three years in prison by Israel occupation authorities in Gaza
1992 : Deported by Israel to Southern Lebanon
1993 : Returns to Gaza, appointed dean of Islamic University of Gaza
1998 : Becomes office manager and aide to Ahmad Yasin
2006 : 21st February becomes prime minister of the Palestinian Authority
Others Perspective About His Leadership Style
Basically, one of the way to learn about his characteristic is, through other people or leaders other countries that think or comment about him. There must be positive and negative sides about him. For example, Russia and Turkey support his leadership. Meanwhile, the United State of America and Israel did not.
l Turkey
We found that, Turkey support his leadership, because of Turkey’s friendly relations with Hamas and Hezbollah constitute an indisputable reality in the Middle East the last six years. They also have many things in common, such as a radical Islamist agenda, an anti-Israel rhetoric and stance, a warfare system, and links to Iran and Syria, moreover they both enjoy a political status and at the same time are designated as terrorist organizations.
l Russia
Russia had become very involved with the Middle East in the late 18th century when a treaty was signed in 1774 which officially made the Russian Empire the protector of Orthodox Christians. Orthodox Christianity had been the religion of the majority of Palestinians until well after the Islamic conquest, and has remained that of the majority of Christians in Syria-Palestine.
l United State of America
We found that, United State of Amerika do not support him because they consider that him is a terrorist of an organization. United State Of Amerika ordered 50 million dollars is not removed from the foreign banks to help the Hamas government in Palestine. Palestinian Economy Minister Mazen Sonokrot agree to return the U.S.
l Israel
Other than that, Israel do not support him because Israel evaluates Ismail Haniyeh as a dangerous person because he does not recognize the existence of Israel politically and personally. There is one incident where Israel government refused to hand over tax money USD600 million that belongs to Palestinians in the Gaza valid.
ATTACK SERIES ON GAZA STRIP
The history of Palestine: The Holy Land
Many governments or countries are vying to occupy Palestinian land because of her lush and its strategic location. Among the governments or nations that have conquered and invaded the land of Palestine are including the government of ancient Egypt, Roman, ancient Greek, Byzantine, Canaanite, Persian, the Rashidun Caliphate, Mamluk, the Crusaders, Sultan Salahuddin Al-ayubi, the Ottomans and the British. The land of Palestine had changed hands for already more than 30 times.
Palestine: The Promised Land
For Muslims, Al-Aqsa Mosque which is the third most glorious mosques in the world, after the Grand Mosque and the Prophet's Mosque is located on this land.
Jewish believers claimed Palestine as the "Promised Land of God" to them where their ancestors originated (Israel) and where their hometown is. They believe there lies Mount Zion and where their sacred Temple of Solomon is buried.
Both are the reasons why Muslims and Jews fought each other since a long time ago to the level that led to bloodshed. What about the Christian? The Christian also regard the land as a sacred ground. Why? Because the Temple of Nazareth is also located there. Moreover, Palestine is the birthplace of Prophet Isa (Jesus). They claimed that this is where Jesus had delivered his message and where he was crucified.
The advent of Islam: First Jerusalem then Palestine.
The Siege of Jerusalem lasted four months after which the city agreed to surrender, but only to the caliph in person. Amr ibn al-Aas, one of the four corps commander, suggested that Khalid should be sent as caliph, because of his very strong resemblance with Caliph Umar.
Khalid was recognized and eventually, Umar came and Jerusalem surrendered in April 637. A year later, the Islamic Empire continuously grew resulted to the great victory when Palestine was successfully conquered by the Muslims. Since that, the Palestine finally belongs to Islam and became the third holy land after Mecca and Medina.
The Crusades
However, since 1000 AD, the Christian army had done a lot of effort to recapture Palestine. The year of 1063 was a critical time when Pope Alexander II gave 'fatwa' deploying Christians to fight to get Palestine back, and those who came to fight were given status of glory and the highest forgiveness. This is what is known as the Crusades. Finally in 1099, the Crusaders captured Palestine and be the master of the sacred land for nearly 200 years.
Salahuddin Al-Ayubi
Salahuddin Al-Ayyubi was the important figure in the history of Islam. He was the one who was responsible in uniting the Arabs who was disintegrating due to sectarian differences and flow. This unity thereby bringing back the Muslim army to invade Palestine.
Finally, around the year of 1187, they conquered Palestine, and in 1291 the last stronghold of the Crusaders in the Holy Land was successfully destroyed. Islamic government flourished so much until the era of Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman era suffered a decline since the 19th century.
The Ottomon Empire: Sultan Abdul Hamid II
The idea of creating an independent state of Israel was popularized by Theodor Herzl, the father of modern Zionism. Through the articles he produced, Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State) and Altneuland (The Old New Land), he argued that the importance of the Jews to have their own country in order for their nation to be free from persecution of the world against them.
Herzl also responsible for setting up the World Zionist Organization and together with Nathan Birnbaum they had organized its first congress in Basel, Switzerland in 1897, which among other things decided was that Palestine was the only option for them to establish the independent state of Israel. He also met privately with Sultan Abdul Hamid II, the Ottoman caliph to buy the land of Palestine from the Ottoman caliphate authority. But Sultan Abdul Hamid II pushing hard and until now, his legendary reply will continuously be remembered.
The Zionist dream came true
Zionist dream of owning his own country increasingly became a reality when Lord Balfour, Foreign Secretary of the British government in 1917 made a declaration that the British government fully supports any effort to form the Zionist state of Israel in the land of Palestine independence. Even the British government will do whatever we can to ensure that the state of Israel a reality.
British have a considerable and significance role to the establishment of Israel. Sir Henry Gurney, British High Commissioner in Malaya killed by the communists in 1951, the Chief Secretary to the Government Mandate for Palestine (British representative) until the establishment of Israel in 1948. was told how the Palestinians have fun listening to the news of his death in 1951.
Date May 15th, 1948 is a black event for the Palestinian people and the human race in general because on this date, the State of Israel was officially established. This event is known as Nakhbah Palestin which refers to the establishment of the illegal state Israel. Nakhbah itself means "catastrophe or major disaster." This event begins with the materialization of illegal occupation and colonization by the Zionist regime upon the original inhabitants of the land of Palestine systematically with the help of the UN and the British.
Hamas rise as the true savior: Sheikh Ahmed Yassin
Since the establishment of the nation of Israel, the conflict between Muslims and Zionists continued until now. Many wars have been launched between the two sides and among the most difference to the socio-political restive region is war 1948, six day war in 1967 and the launch of the Palestinian intifadah (first series in 1987 and the second series in 2000) . Hamas was founded by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, Abdul Aziz al-Rantissi and Mahmoud Zahhar when first Intifadah peaked in 1987, as a reaction to the failure of the struggle for Palestinian Fatah.
In 2006, for the first time Hamas won elections in Gaza and until now, Hamas is a local government in Gaza. So far, more lives of Palestinians killed compared to the number of deaths on the Israeli side. Israel, backed by the United States and most European countries have launched attack after attack on the Palestinians, without any objection and subsequent actions. The world only observe what happens. Peace agreements only staying anecdote on paper only, repeatedly betrayed by Israel.
The attack series
Until now, Israel attacked Palestine nonstop in an effort to expand its borders. However, Palestinians always fight back in an effort to recapture the Aqsa Mosque. Despite the unreasonable violence inflicted upon them, the Hamas leaders never give up.
In this chapter, we will discuss about the series of attacks suffered by the Palestinians. Each attack, the Al-Qassam Brigade never failed to response. And we know that Al-Qassam is the military force under the command of Gaza Strip government, thus directly it reflected upon the credibility of its leader; Ismail Haniyeh. Here, we will list down and discuss in brief about each recent attack series and what are the response from Hamas or specifically Al-Qassam Brigade.
List of Israeli attacks on Palestine:
On January 8th, 2009, 773 martyrs and more than 3,250 was injured seriously. Apart from increasing the martyr figure, since the attacks began on 27 December 2008, there were over 450 people seriously injured. According to the Palestinian Ministry of Health, 105 kinds of medicines are not directly in the deposit and 225 types of medical equipment has run out, and 50% of ambulance could not operate due to the attack on Gaza.
For the next day, Brigade Al-Qassam military wing has captured a Jewish soldier and has put it in a house. Jet fighters attacked the Zionist colonial house, which left the Zionist captivity. Izzuddin Martyrs Brigade Al-Qassam launched the onslaught of the Zionist army in the war for 22 days. A total of 80 Zionist soldiers killed. The statement stated by Abu Ubaidah spokesman for the brigades said in a press conference held on Monday, January 19, 2009. He also challenged the Zionist army declared the death toll and the actual loss of the war in Gaza.
Response: The Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades rocket attacks
l The success of Al-Qassam Brigades
Each attack, the Al-Qassam never failed to response to Israeli attacks. The Army of Al-Qassam Brigades has successfully launched a rocket of a total 980, of which 340 Qassam rockets, 213 Grad rockets and 422 mortar type. The Brigade also successfully detonated 79 bombs of explosive secret Zionist owned, a total of 98 attacks against the Zionist tanks including the use of anti-armor rockets, 53 shots hide, ambush 12, 19 continue to face attacks by the Zionist forces, and a martyrdom operation has can be done by Samy Ruzq Dawn at the Temple Lahia. Briged Al-Qasam also destroyed about 47 armored vehicles, four helicopters and a helicopter intelligence.
l Victory draws near: Israeli agreed on cease-fire
14th November 2012 is the when the recent attack of Israeli against Palestine. The war lasted for eight (8) days which is the most fleeting war in the history of Israel attacks. The government of Israel and Hamas agreed to a ceasefire after Israel launched an intense attack into Gaza. A senior member of the Iranian parliament trigger, the fact that Israeli reduced the duration of the attack on the Palestinian fighters marks the beginning of the Zionist regime fall.
Head of the Committee on National Security and Foreign Policy Iranian Parliament, Alaeddin Boroujerdi, Israel lost in the fight with the Palestinian fighters. He explained that the defeated Israel in war in the Gaza Strip was the fourth defeat for Israel in the face of Palestinian fighters.
"Usurper Zionist regime was defeated by Hezbollah the first time in 2000 when the release of the occupied lands in southern Lebanon. Both time, Israel defeated the 33 day war with Hezbollah (in 2006), and the third in the 22-day war in Gaza (in 2008 )."
Around 170 Palestinian and six Israeli citizens were killed in Briged Al-Qassam counter-attack firing rockets into their country. Hamas call himself a winner because Israel agreed to initiate a cease-fire.
l M75 perfume: Symbol of Hamas rocket power
Perfume shop in Gaza launched M75 fragrance to mark 'victory' after the end of the Israeli offensive last month. The shop owner, Abu Ahmed said, the fragrance is named M75 after the name is taken from a long-range rocket Hamas military owned.
"We offer name M75 for the latest perfumes as a symbol of resistance to missile strength bring victory on Gaza," he said. He said perfume portrays Hamas rocket power where it is quick and easy to use.
THE FATAH-HAMAS CONFLICT
The reason we decided to discuss on Fatah-Hamas conflict is due to the position that Ismail Haniyeh hold in Hamas. What is so special about Hamas that it reflects the importance of the position of Ismail Haniyeh in it? The reason is because Hamas is the true saviour of Palestine, thus the leader of Hamas must be the first person in line in the fight for the Freedom of Palestine (Hurriyyah). That very man is Ismail Haniyeh.
We believe in order for us to evaluate and analyse the leadership skills that he possessed we must do an extensive and massive research on the institutions that are under his command and responsibility.
The conflict of Fatah-Hamas will be elaborated by first defining who are Fatah and Hamas. Then, we will brief on the stories of the conflicts relating the causes and what really happened between them. The conflict had resulted into many important events in Palestine and outside Palestine, which we will also discuss under the sub-topic entitled "the outcomes of the conflict". We will give the details on the reconciliation attempts these two parties had ever made since their big clash on 2006. The important part is the analysis. In the end of this chapter of topic, we will do an analysis on Ismail Haniyeh as the leader of Hamas as well as the Prime Minister of Palestine.
HAMAS identity
Hamas (Arabic: حماس Ḥamās, "enthusiasm", an acronym of حركة المقاومة الاسلامية Ḥarakat al-Muqāwamah al-ʾIslāmiyyah, "Islamic Resistance Movement") is the Palestinian Sunni Islamic or Islamist organization, with an associated military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades.
Since June 2007 Hamas has governed the Gaza Strip, after it won a majority of seats in the Palestinian Parliament in the January 2006 Palestinian parliamentary elections and then defeated the Fatah political organization in a series of violent clashes. Israel, the United States, Canada, the European Union, and Japan classify Hamas as a terrorist organization, while Iran, Russia, Turkey, and Arab nations do not.
l The co-founder: Sheikh Ahmed Yassin
Based on the principles of Islamic fundamentalism gaining momentum throughout the Arab world in the 1980s, Hamas was founded in 1987 (during the First Intifada) as an offshoot of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. Co-founder Sheik Ahmed Yassin stated in 1987, and the Hamas Charteraffirmed in 1988, that Hamas was founded to liberate Palestine from Israeli occupation and to establish an Islamic state in the area that is now Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip.
In the January 2006 Palestinian parliamentary elections Hamas won a decisive majority in the Palestinian Parliament, defeating the PLO-affiliated Fatah party. Following the elections, the United States and the EU halted financial assistance to the Hamas-led administration.
In March 2007 a national unity government, headed by Prime Minister Ismail Haniya of Hamas was briefly formed, but this failed to restart international financial assistance. Tensions over control of Palestinian security forces soon erupted into the 2007 Battle of Gaza, after which Hamas retained control of Gaza while its officials were ousted from government positions in the West Bank. Israel and Egypt then imposed an economic blockade on Gaza, on the grounds that Fatah forces were no longer providing security there.
FATAH identity
Fataḥ is a major Palestinian political party and the largest faction of thePalestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a multi-party confederation.
Fatah is generally considered to have had a strong involvement in revolutionary struggle in the past and has maintained a number of militant groups,. Fatah had been closely identified with the leadership of its founder Yasser Arafat, until his death in 2004. Since Arafat's departure, factionalism within the ideologically diverse movement has become more apparent.
In the January 25, 2006 parliamentary election, the party lost its majority in the Palestinian parliament to Hamas, and resigned all cabinet positions, instead of assuming the role as the main opposition party. The Hamas legislative victory led to a split between the two main Palestinian political parties, with Fatah retaining control of the Palestinian National Authority in the West Bank.
The Fatah-Hamas conflict
The Fatah–Hamas conflict, also referred to as the Palestinian Civil War (al-Ḥarb al-ʾAhliyyah al-Filisṭīnīyyah). The conflict is called Wakseh among Palestinians, meaning humiliation, ruin, and collapse as a result of self-inflicted damage.).
Began in 2006, after Hamas's legislative victories and has continued, politically and sometimes militarily up to this day. The conflict, which erupted between the two main Palestinian parties, Fatah and Hamas, resulted in the split of Palestinian Authority into two polities, both seeing themselves the true representatives of the Palestinian people – the Fatah ruled Palestinian National Authority and theHamas Government in Gaza.
The outcomes of Fatah-Hamas conflict
l The true saviour
Generally, the big picture of the conflict is resulting in the split of Palestinian Authority into two polities (the form or constitution of a politically organized unit), both seeing themselves the true representatives of the Palestinian people – the Fatah ruled Palestinian National Authority and the Hamas Government in Gaza. However, anyone who learn the history will confirm that Hamas is the real saviour or protector of Palestine because it is not a secret that Fatah was funded by the United State of America financially and tactically by Israel during the 2006 election (Dr. Shafie Abu Bakar, 2009).
l 2006: Suspending all foreign aid
Hamas's January 2006 electoral victory. In reaction, Israel, the United States, the European Union, several Western states, and the Arab states imposed sanctions suspending all foreign aid. On 25 June 2006, Hamas conducted a cross-border raid into Israel.
Despite the sanctions, and incidents of successful border interdiction, Hamas leaders were able to smuggle enough money into the Palestinian territories to maintain basic health and educational services.
l 2006: Abbas attempt to assassinate Ismail Haniyeh
On 20 October 2006, on the eve of this deal to end factional fighting between Fatah and Hamas, Haniyeh's convoy came under gunfire in Gaza and one of the cars was set on fire. Haniyeh was not hurt in the attack. Hamas sources said that this was not an assassination attempt. Palestinian Authority security sources reported that the attackers were the relatives of a Fatah man killed by clashes with Hamas.
l 2006: Second attempt to assassinate Ismail Haniyeh
On 14 December 2006, Haniyeh was denied entry to Gaza from Egypt at the Rafah border crossing. The border crossing was closed by European Union monitors by order of Israeli Minister of Defence, Amir Peretz. Haniyeh was returning to Gaza from his first official trip abroad as prime minister. He was reported to have an estimated 30 million USD in cash in international donations on hand, meant for the Palestinian Authority.
Israeli authorities later stated that they would allow Haniyeh to cross the border provided he leave the money in Egypt, which would reportedly be transferred to an Arab League bank account. A gun battle between Hamas militants and the Palestinian Presidential Guard was reported at the Rafah border crossing in response to the incident. The EU monitors who operated the crossing were reportedly evacuated safely. Hamas denounced the incident as an attempt by rival Fatah on Haniyeh's life, prompting firefights in the West Bank and Gaza Strip between Hamas and Fatah forces. Haniyeh was quoted as saying that he knew who the alleged perpetrators were, but declined to identify them and appealed for Palestinian unity.
l 2007: Attempt to form unity government
Ismail Haniyeh resigned on 15 February 2007 as part of the process to allow a unity government between Hamas and Fatah. He was again sworn in on 18 March 2007 as head of the new cabinet.
l 2007: Ismail Haniyeh disputed dismissal
On 14 June 2007, Abbas dismissed Haniyeh and appointed Salam Fayyad in his place. The appointment of Fayyad to replace Haniyeh has been challenged as illegal, because according to the law, until a new prime minister is thus appointed, the outgoing prime minister heads a caretaker government. Fayyad's appointment was never placed before, or approved, by the Legislative Council.
For this reason, Haniyeh has continued to operate in Gaza, and been recognised by a large number of Palestinians as the legitimate acting prime minister. Anis al-Qasem, the Palestinian constitutional lawyer who drafted the Basic Law, is among those who publicly declared the appointment of Fayyad to be illegal.
Reconciliation attempts
l 2008: Sana'a Agreement
On March 23, 2008, Hamas and Fatah signed an agreement in Sana'a, Yemen that amounted to a reconciliation deal. It called for a return of the Gaza Strip to the pre-June 2007 situation, though this has not happened. On November 08, 2008, Palestinian reconciliation talks due to be held in Cairo were called off on Saturday after Hamas announced a boycott in protest at the detention of hundreds of its members by president Mahmud Abbas's security forces.
l 2010: New document from Cairo
After six rounds of reconciliation talks that resulted in failure. In early September 2010, Cairo put forward a new document. That envisioned general elections to be held in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank in the first half of 2010, a reform of Palestinian security services under the Egyptian control and the release of political prisoners by both factions. The agreement is stalled due to "inappropriate conditions."
l 2011 Cairo agreement
On April 27, 2011, representatives of the two factions announced an agreement, mediated by Egypt, to form a joint caretaker government, with presidential and legislative elections to be held in 2012. The Palestinian Authority continues to handle security in the West Bank, as does Hamas in Gaza. They will form a joint security committee to decide on future security arrangements.
Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu objected because Hamas still calls for the destruction of Israel. The United States said the new Palestinian government must recognize Israel, continue previous agreements with it and renounce violence.
In June 2011, following the unity accord, negotiations proceeded regarding the formation of a unity government. Among the issues discussed were recognition of Israel, security, governance, relations with the West, and economic policy. Hamas had initially indicated that it wished to remain out of governance to focus on the more social work it conducted prior to its 2006 ascendancy, but it later retracted this statement.
l 2012 Doha agreement
The Doha deal, signed by Mahmud Abbas and Khaled Mashaal in 2012, was described as a step forward in the stalled implementation of the Palestinian reconciliation agreement, signed in Cairo in April 2011. On April 1, The reconciliation implementation however was described as "stalling", with no progress on the joint elections scheme. In addition, the Fatah blamed Hamas that its security forces have set up roadblocks and arrested dozens of Fatah members and individuals in Gaza, whom they accused of “spreading rumors.” In a letter to Binyamin Netanyahu in April 2012, Abbas expressed his regret that Israeli continued to oppose a reconciliation.
l 2013 Morsi host a meeting in Cairo
Leaders of Fatah and Hamas will meet in Cairo with Egyptian President in the latest round of peace talks between the two groups. A spokesman Morsi said the Egyptian leader will mediate a meeting Wednesday between Mahmoud Abbas, President of the Palestinian Authority (PA), and the head of Hamas, Khaled Meshaal.
The two groups signed a peace agreement in Cairo in mid-2011, but the main thing the agreement was not implemented. Officials from Hamas and Fatah said Wednesday's meeting will focus on the establishment of a unity government, which would pave the way for parliamentary and presidential elections that have been long awaited.
The two groups have been at odds since 2006, when Hamas won a majority of seats in the legislative elections. Hamas took over the Gaza Strip in 2007. Relations between the two groups slowly began to recover, with the recent Hamas allow Fatah rally in Gaza, and Fatah allowed Hamas supporters to do the same thing in the West Bank, under their control.
It is too early to say whether these modest concessions imagine a more meaningful political reconciliation. Hamas delegation will also meet with Egyptian intelligence officials to discuss a cease-fire in Gaza. Egyptian mediated ceasefire negotiations that ended an eight-day military attack by Israel on the Gaza Strip last November, which killed more than 150 Palestinians and six Israelis. This meeting was the first time Morsi host to a meeting between the two leaders of the Palestinians. (Translated by Harakahdaily.net, 10 Jan 2013 from aljazeera.com)
CONCLUSION
Based on our discussions, we can conclude that Ismail Haniyeh is the best leader that Palestinians can have right now. Being a leader for a country that is in the state of instability and at imminent war really is not an easy task. However, this impossible mission is made possible by Ismail Haniyeh as he hold the responsibility and bear with the harsh challenges. He possesses a very high leadership skills which is the effect of his faith to perform his duty as a Muslim to defend and recapture the holy land of Palestine from the cruelty of his regime zionis.
His mission just want to liberate the land of Palestine and drove the Zionist regime of Israel. Take back the land which is originally theirs. Israel evaluates Ismail Haniyeh as dangerous because the country does not recognize the existence of Israel as a legal country. Ismail Haniyeh also refused to comply with the conditions laid down by their army and he did a brave action as a leader to instruct the Al-Qassam Briged to do counter-attack by launching bombs from Gaza. It resulted to some Israeli killed and left a clue to Israel that Palestinian is getting resurrected.
What is interesting about Ismail Haniyeh is, he is the only leader in this world that has always been a khatib during prayer and sermon on Friday. His leadership style should be the best example for other Muslim leaders. He was highly admired by Turkey and Egypt Prime Ministers.
He was also a very brave and has a very high-determination in doing his job as a prime minister. These can be proved due to the facts that even though he received so many threats from powerful figures such as the United States of America, he never back off. In fact, the assassination attempts from Fatah just cannot shake his will in defending Gaza strip.
Finally, we can conclude that he possess such an incredible leadership skills because of his ability to influence and motivate people under him not only of his own country but worldwide. He is a true leader indeed.
